Indiscriminate use of weight loss medications, their health impact and pharmacology: a narrative review

Abstract

The use of weight loss medications has increased substantially over recent decades, driven by stringent aesthetic standards and the pursuit of rapid solutions for weight reduction. However, this practice, often undertaken without medical prescription or professional supervision, represents a significant public health concern due to the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of pharmacological agents. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze, within the scientific literature, the pharmacological aspects and clinical risks associated with the indiscriminate use of weight loss medications, as well as to discuss their public health implications and the role of the pharmacist in promoting rational drug use. This study consists of a narrative literature review in which the main adverse effects related to these substances were identified, including metabolic and cardiovascular complications, psychological disorders, and the risk of substance dependence. Additionally, the role of the pharmacist in fostering rational medication use, providing therapeutic counseling, and preventing self-medication was examined. The findings highlight the need to strengthen public health policies and implement educational strategies aimed at raising public awareness regarding the risks associated with the unsupervised use of weight loss medications.